Means for burning liquid fuels



Aug. 7, 1928. 1,680,085

J. L. BREESE, JR

MEANS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUELS Filed Feb. 21, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 WlMk yh 1. bil

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i "MAW ,nl lhrlllllh Y INVENToR, BYmA-A-f fi @ATTORNEYS Aug. 7, 1928.

J. L.. BREESE, JR

MEANS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUELS Filed Feb. 21, 1925 2 Sheets-Shaft 2 INVEN TOR.

L; ATTORN YS.

Patented Aug.f7,192s.f=

UNITED STATES JAMES L. BREESE, JR., OIF-LAKE FQREST, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOBTOIL DEVICES GOB- ,Y POBATION, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CQRPOIPl/ATION-0F ILLINOIS. i

MEANS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUELS.

appncancn and February e1, 1925. serieu No. 10,142.

My invention has been develo d in oonpetroleum nection with thecombustion o oils and is especially useful therefor though, as willbeobvious' from the following disclosure, it is applicable generally tocombustible liquids of a similar nature. I have 1 employed the inventionsuccessfully in con` nection with what is known commercially as l gasoil. The invention is applicable generall0. ly to the purpose of heatingby the combus-4 tion of liquid uel such 'as for heating rooms, boilersand the like. The apparatus in which my invention is embodied is awickless burn-` er adaptable to. a great variety of heating .l5purposes, eliicient, easy to operate and regulate and relatively4inexpensive to manufacture. In this burner the oil is `vaporized forburning by a conductorof heat which inturn is heated by the combustionof the vapors W formed and conveys theheat tothe body of fuel oil, theamount of oil vaporizedbeing regulated and controlled not only by thetemperature of the conductor but also by the extentto'which the latteris in contact with W, the body of oil from which the vapors aregenerated. In the s iic structure disclosed the conductor `ips into thebody of 4oil and the extent of surface contact is regulated by the level-of the oil. The oil level,

30, so long as thetemperature ofthe article,

compartment or the like being heated ,re-.14

mains substantially constant, is likewise' maintained substantiallyconstant this being eiected in the s ecifc apparatus disclosed by 3l avalve contro led jointly'by a float and thermostat and variations intemperature are reflected inthe liquid level b` means ofV a thermostatwhich influences t e--degree of immersion vof the vfloat controlling thevalve,

w varying according to the temperature to; which the thermostat issubjected, and there. f .by varying correspondingly the level of the.

l body of oil being vaporize Other features of the invention will beunderstood. from the l. following detailed description taken in con`nection with the drawings accompanying and forming part of thisapplication. It is to'be understood, however, that the specific-dis'-vclosure is for the purpose of exemplification so only and the scope ofthe invention is defined; in the following claimsin which I have er1- ldeavored to distinguish it :from'the prior art so far as known to mewithout however relinquishing any of the novelty disclosed.

' u, In the drawings Fig. l is anelevation partlyjn section showing aheater with invention applied thereto; Fig. 2 an axial vertlcal sectionpartly in elevation through the lower part of the heater and through theI burner; Flg. 3 a fragmentary 'view on4 the 00 same plane as Fig. 1, aportion of the burnerl being shown in elevation instead of in section;Fig. 4 a'plan of my improved burner; Fig. 5 a vertical section partly inelevation showing the means :for controlling the 66 height. of theliquid fuel inthe burner and Fig. 6 a plan view thereof. Each part isidentified by the same reference l character wherever it occurs in thedrawings.

In Fig. 1 I4 have shown myinvention as 70 applied to a heater which isentirely selfcontained except for the flue andmay be set up whereverrequired for use by merely connecting up the flue in a proper manner .todispose of the products of combustion.' This 75 form of heater is not erse novel or of my invention but it is isclosed only to exemplif'y thelatter. It comprises a drum 7 `into the lower end of which my improvedburner 8 extends and from the upper end of' 80 whichl the iiue 9 leadsto some proper outlet for the products of combustion. I have shown theburner and heater as mounted on a sheet metal support 11 which isextended vertically at 12 to form a reilector or shield. 'Il

The flue 9 is shown'as elbowed and partially supported by the top 'ofthe shield and by the brace 13. A strap 14 holds the flue in a recesscut in the to edge of the shield.

` Beyond `the shield the ue extendsvertical- `90 n 1y as at'15 to somesuitable outlet. The flue` is provided with a balanced or butterilydamper valve 16 and an. unbalanced damper 17, the twolbeing soconnectedby link 18 i. that increased draft tending to lift or openwli`the damper 17 tends to partially close dan1`p 4 I As stated,the-speciiic form of heater forffig -no part vof the present invention.

tripod casting'lS with respect to which it is L" adjustable by' means-ofa set screw 20. The g lburner housing casting 19 comprises a ,ceni tral.sleeve V27 .extending ,into said tripod@ casting, a portion .ofintermediate diameter '105 forming the oil reservoir21 and an u perportion of enlarged 'diameter 22. The s eeve 27 is continued upwardlythrough. the `oil Vreservoirto forman air passage to supply primary airlto the combustion chamber. ma.

The-burner is Ishown as 'mountedon 9.4100

An annular casting 29 which constitutes the combustion chamber and alsothe means for conducting heat therefrom to the oil to vaporize thelatter rests upon the shoulder between the oil reservoir and the upperchamber. Said casting com rises a horizontal annulus 29, a depen ingiange 30 and an upwardly extending annular flange 39. The dependingflange is tapered as shown in F ig. 2 and spaced from the central sleeve27.A In use thel oil reservoir is filled to a level at which the liangedips more or less into the oil therein and vaporizes the latter by meansof the heat transmitted from the combustion chamber. The va ors risingfrom the oil pass upward throug the converging annular passage betweensaid ange and the sleeve 27 into the combustion chamy it is located s0that there is an annular air space surrounding the same, and the wall ofchamber 22 is notched as at 41 for the admission of air to said annularspace. Flange 39 is slotted at short intervals, the slots beingtangential as best shown in Fig. 4, the inclination being all in thesame direction, so that air entering through the notches 41 into theannular passa-ge 22 enters therefrom into the combustion chamber throughthe inclined slots. It is thus given a whirlving motion and not onlyfurnishes the secondar-y supply of air for complete combustion butshrouds or'shields the flange from the Idirect action of the flame. Theentering air also more or less cools the flange, the

i extent of cooling dependingx'somewhat upon the size and number of t eslots. Therefore by suitably designing this flange the temp ratureconditions of the burner may be varied somewhat.

`A deilector or spreader plate 32 is adjusti ably mounted above the endof the sleeve 27,

in the construction shown being carried by a.' rod 33, the upper end ofwhich is held centrally in the sleeve by screws 34 and the lower endsupported at 35 on a bracket 36 which is pivoted at 37 and-adjustedabout i' 32 y means of a set screw 38.

- When the burner .is in operation, a primary supply of air is receivedthrough the sleeve 27 and iiows upwardly therein as indicated by thearrows and then is deflected its ivot, to raise or. .lower the deectorplate outwardly by the deflector plate previously described. rl`he heatconducting casting 29 dipping into the oil in the oil chamber geueratesvapors therefrom which flow upwardly in the annular space between saidheat conducting casting and the sleeve and mix with the air comingthrough the sleeve beneath the edge of the deflector plate. The airsupplied in this manner is insufficient for complete combustion, butadditional supplies of air are received, through the openings 4l intothe annular space about the flange 39 and enter the chamber within theflange through the slots or slits vreviously described. The air enteringtie slots being given a rotary motion by the inclination thereof forms acushion or envelope which more orless fully protects the iiange from theflames and also furnishes the additional air necessary to completecombustion. The outer wall of the combustion chamber is protected fromthe extreme heat of combustion by the air entering the ports 41. Theconduction of heat from the heat conducting plate 29 to the wall of thecasting 19 may be made negligible by providing substantially a linecontact between the two as at 292 When this is done, the oil in thereservoir receives little heat except through the vaporizing conductingcasting 29.

The level of the oil in the reservoir and hence the amount ofvaporization is controlled according to the temperature which it isdesired to maintain. Thu's in the heater in connection with which myinvention is 100 l, 5 and 6, the feed regulator 45 is shown as 105connected to the supply pipe 46 on the one hand and to the oil reservoirof the burner on the other. Pipe 47 affords an open connection betweenthe regulator and the burner being connected at one end as at 48 to 1mthe bottom of the float chamber of the reg-, ulator and at the other endat 49 to the oil reservoir of the burner. The oil supply pipe 46 isconnected to the regulator at 50,

communication being controlled by a valve 116 51 seated at 52. A ioat 53which is free to rise and fall in the chamber of the regulator controlsthe valve through the medium of a lever 54 pivoted at 55. Lever 54 ispivoted to the stem 56 of the ioat and the latl2" ter is guided in asleeve 57 secured to the cover 58 of the regulator chamber.

In order that the level of the liquid may be automatically controlledaccording to the temperature I provide a end of the thermostatic strip59, which muy be of the usual form comprising two strips of metalofdiiferent coeilicients of expanthermostat 59 125 "which is Secured. atone end as at 60 to a bracket 6l threaded on guide 57. The other littsion, is secured to the stem of the float at. 62. The thermostatic strip59 is so arranged that with increase of temperature it tends to raisethe float and with decrease of tem rature to lower the same. `It followsthat when the temperature rises beyond that for which the apparatus isset the valve is clo:ed and the level of oil in .theregulator and oilreservoir of the burner falls with the consumption of oil. As ythethe-oil level falls ized diminishes by reason of the reduction y appl ofarea ofthe heat conductor covered by the oil. As the temperature fallsthe upward pull of the thermostat is reduced and the valve opens. Itshould be understood that the thermostatic. leaf preferably operateswith aforce of the same general order of magnitude as that exerted bythe ioat itself. Under .some conditions the action of the leaf may beopposed to the action of the bloat, and under other conditions it maysupplement it. Thus the valve 5l is to some degree responsive to twoforces, namely to the tendency of the float 53 to open or close it, andto the tendency of the thermostatic leaf 59 to open or close it. Undernormal conditions, when the two forces are opposed, neither can entirelyovercome the other and the balance of forcesleaves the valve in anintermediate position.` The effect of the thermostat may be varied toprovide for the maintenance of different temperatures by turningr thethermostat and bracket about the guide to which the latter is threadedto adjust it nearer to or further from source of heat.

Because of its location, asshown in Fig. l, the thermostat vis eX osedto the curi-'ents of air iowin to the urner from the atmosphere of t eroom or compartment being heated so that it responds to the averagetemperature of the compartment. It is also exposed to some extent todirect radiation from the' burner. It thus Iserves to control excessivetemperatures in the latter.

To start the burner it is only necessary to a flame' to the combustionchamber as, 'or example, by introducing a lighte paper'v or other`combustible material. The combustion of the oil on the surfaces of theburner in connection with that of the in` troduced combustible materialis sufficient to start vaporization and combustion 'of the what I havedescribed the turnawith its feed in connection with an apparatus forheating the airof a room or other. enclosure, I havedone so' forthepurpose of ex- (amplification onl as the burner is available for avariety o heating purposes, as for example, heating boilers and hotwater heatchamber for containing a bodyof oil, a combustion chamberabove the same, a heat `conductor intermediate the combustion chamberand oil chamber and extendingr into the latter to vaporize oil theiein,a thermostat, and means controlledV jointly by the thermostat and thelevel of the oil in the oil chambe a for feeding oil to the latter.

2. In a burner of the `class described, a

V chamber for containing ya bodyof oil, acomf 1n the o1l reservoir theamount of oil vaporbustion chamber above the same, `means for feedingthe fuel from the oil chamber to vthe combustion chamberin accordancewith the level of the oil inthe oil chamber, and

means for supplying the oil chamber with oil comprising a iloat andvalve chamber, a float therein, a valve governing the inlet to saidchamber and controlled by the float,

'a vthermostat and connections between the izing the oil, the extent ofvaporization depending on the level ofthe oil, and means for supplyingthe voil chamber with oil comprising a conduit, a float and valve'`chamber in the conduit, a valvein said chamber controlling the-admission`of oil thereto, la -iioat in said chamber controlling the valve,

a thermostat comprising two stripsfrespectively of different metalssupported at one end and engagingr the iioat at the other, ytheconstruction beingr suchthat as the temperaturc rises the thermostat'tends to raise the float.

4. In a burner of the class described,` a'im combustion chamber and anoil chamber 'communicating therewith, means for vaporyizmg the oil, theextent of vaporlzation dethermostat comprising 4two .strips frespectively of different metals supported `at one end and engaging thefloatat the wother, the

construction being suchthat as the temperature rises t-hethermostattends to raise the valve, a thermostatic member -and anV actuating'connection between said thermostatic .member and 'said-float.4

6. Inl a burner of the :class described,a

combustionchamber, a fuel passage extending thereto, a fuel lflowcontrol means in said passage, including a float chamber and afloattherein, a valve adapted to control .the flow of fuel to saidchamber, an actuating -connection between said float and said valve, athermostatic member and an actuatmg connection between said thermostaticmember and said ioat, the force exerted by l lo,

flow offuel to said chamber', an actuatingl the. thermostat beingr ofthe same general order of magnitude as that exerted by the float.v e i j7. In a burner 'of the class described, a combustion chamber, a fuelpassage extending thereto, fuel' flow control meansin said passage,including a `float chamber and av ioat therein, a valve adapted tocontrol the lever connection between said float and -said valve,` athermostatic leaf adapted to- Hex in response to changes, in thetemperature to which it-is exposed and an actuatingr connection betweensaid leafand said float.A

In a burnerof the class described,- a

combustion chamber, a fuel passage extending thereto, fuel flow controlmeans in said passage, including a oat chamber and a fioat therein, avalve adapted to control the flow of fuel to said chamber, an actuatingconnection between said oat and said valve, astem extending from saidfloat and through the wall of the float'chamber, a thermostatic memberand au actuating connection between said--member and said stem.

9. In a burner of the class described, a combustion chamber, a fuelpassage extending thereto, fuel flow control means in said

